Search results for "Cognitive inhibition"

showing 4 items of 4 documents

Naming speed and Effortful and Automatic Inhibition in Children with Arithmetic Learning Disabilities

2009

Abstract We report a two-year longitudinal study aimed at investigating the rate of access to numerical and non-numerical information in long-term memory and the functioning of automatic and effortful cognitive inhibition processes in children with arithmetical learning disabilities (ALDs). Twelve children with ALDs, of age 9.3 years, and twelve gender–age-matched controls were involved in the study. Rate of access was measured through digit- and letter-naming tasks, automatic cognitive inhibition was measured using a negative priming paradigm, and effortful cognitive inhibition was measured rating intrusion errors in a working memory task. Children with ALDs suffered from a deficit in the …

Settore M-PSI/01 - Psicologia GeneraleLongitudinal studySocial PsychologyWorking memoryLong-term memoryShort-term memoryCognitionEducationSettore M-PSI/04 - Psicologia Dello Sviluppo E Psicologia Dell'EducazioneCognitive inhibitionLearning disabilityDevelopmental and Educational PsychologymedicineNegative primingmedicine.symptomPsychologyarithmetical learning disabilities mathematical disabilities naming speed negative priming working memory inhibitionCognitive psychology
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'Just can't hide it': a behavioral and lesion study on emotional response modulation after right prefrontal damage.

2015

INTRODUCTION: Historically, emotion regulation problems have been reported as a common consequence of rPFC damage. It has been proposed that the rPFC, particularly the rIFG, has a key role inhibiting prepotent reflexive actions, thus contributing to emotion regulation and self-regulation. This study is the first to directly explore this hypothesis, by testing whether damage to the rIFG compromises the voluntary modulation of emotional responses, and whether performance on inhibition tasks is associated with emotion regulation. Method: 10 individuals with unilateral right prefrontal damage and 15 matched healthy controls were compared on a well-known response modulation task. During the task…

Malemedicine.medical_specialtyCognitive Neurosciencemedia_common.quotation_subjectEmotionsPoison controlPrefrontal CortexExperimental and Cognitive PsychologyAudiology050105 experimental psychologyDevelopmental psychologySelf-Control03 medical and health sciencesAmusement0302 clinical medicinemedicineHumans0501 psychology and cognitive sciencesEmotional expressionPrefrontal cortexmedia_commonAgedFacial expression05 social sciencesGeneral MedicineSelf-controlOriginal ArticlesMiddle AgedMagnetic Resonance ImagingFacial ExpressionInhibition PsychologicalCognitive inhibitionFemalePsychologyInsula030217 neurology & neurosurgerySocial cognitive and affective neuroscience
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A computational approach for the assessment of executive functions in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder

2019

Previous studies on obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) showed impairments in executive domains, particularly in cognitive inhibition. In this perspective, the use of virtual reality showed huge potential in the assessment of executive functions; however, unfortunately, to date, no study on the assessment of these patients took advantage of the use of virtual environments. One of the main problems faced within assessment protocols is the use of a limited number of variables and tools when tailoring a personalized program. The main aim of this study was to provide a heuristic decision tree for the future development of tailored assessment protocols. To this purpose, we conducted a study that…

050103 clinical psychologyDecision treeObsessive–compulsive disordersObsessive-compulsive disordersVirtual realityObsessive–compulsive disorderArticleVirtual realityExecutive functions03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineCognitive assessmentSettore M-PSI/08 - Psicologia ClinicaSettore MED/48 -Scienze Infermierist. e Tecn. Neuro-Psichiatriche e Riabilitat.Decision treeMedicineComputational models0501 psychology and cognitive sciencesSettore MED/25 - PsichiatriaProtocol (science)Computational modelbusiness.industry05 social sciencesNeuropsychologySettore M-PSI/03 - PsicometriaCognitive assessment; Computational models; Cross-validation; Decision tree; Executive functions; Multiple errands test; Obsessive-compulsive disorders; Virtual realityCross-validationGeneral MedicineExecutive functionsTest (assessment)computational modelCognitive inhibitionexecutive functionMultiple errands testObsessive–compulsive disorders; virtual reality; multiple errands test; cognitive assessment; executive functions; computational models; decision tree; cross-validationbusiness030217 neurology & neurosurgeryCognitive psychology
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Modulation of higher-order olfaction components on executive functions in humans

2015

The prefrontal (PFC) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) appear to be associated with both executive functions and olfaction. However, there is little data relating olfactory processing and executive functions in humans. The present study aimed at exploring the role of olfaction on executive functioning, making a distinction between primary and more cognitive aspects of olfaction. Three executive tasks of similar difficulty were used. One was used to assess hot executive functions (Iowa Gambling Task-IGT), and two as a measure of cold executive functioning (Stroop Colour and Word Test-SCWT and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test-WCST). Sixty two healthy participants were included: 31 with normosmia and …

Test de StroopOlfactelcsh:Medicine:Psychiatry and Psychology::Psychological Phenomena and Processes::Mental Processes::Thinking::Decision Making [Medical Subject Headings]:Psychiatry and Psychology::Psychological Phenomena and Processes::Psychophysiology::Sensation::Smell [Medical Subject Headings]AudiologyPrefrontal cortex:Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans [Medical Subject Headings]Executive FunctionOlfaction Disorderspiriform cortexHyposmiaOlfactory threshold:Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavioral Disciplines and Activities::Psychological Tests::Neuropsychological Tests::Stroop Test [Medical Subject Headings]older-adultsalzheimers-diseaselcsh:SciencePsychiatryMultidisciplinaryCognitive flexibilityCognitionMiddle AgedExecutive functionsSmellCognitive inhibitionNeurology:Diseases::Nervous System Diseases::Neurologic Manifestations::Sensation Disorders::Olfaction Disorders [Medical Subject Headings]FemaleFrontal lobemedicine.symptomPsychologyperformanceResearch ArticleAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyAdolescentOlfactionventromedial prefrontal cortexYoung AdultNeurologiamild cognitive impairmentLòbul frontalPruebas neuropsicológicasmedicineHumansTrastornos del olfatoPsiquiatriaToma de decisionesCognición:Psychiatry and Psychology::Psychological Phenomena and Processes::Mental Processes::Cognition [Medical Subject Headings]lcsh:Rdecision-makingOlfactory Perceptionodor identificationdeficits:Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavioral Disciplines and Activities::Psychological Tests::Neuropsychological Tests [Medical Subject Headings]:Psychiatry and Psychology::Psychological Phenomena and Processes::Mental Processes::Executive Function [Medical Subject Headings]lcsh:QOlfatoStroop effectdiscrimination
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